Fuel compositions containing modified succinimides (VI)

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are additives which are useful as dispersants and detergents in lubricating oils and fuels. In particular, this invention is directed toward polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of the amino nitrogens of the succinimide is converted to ##STR1##

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 722,911filed Apr. 12, 1985 now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to additives which are useful as dispersantand/or detergents in lubricating oils and fuels. In particular, thisinvention is directed toward polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimideswherein one or more of the nitrogens of the polyamino moiety issubstituted with a substituent selected from hydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl,hydroxy hydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl and hydroxypoly(oxyalkylene)dicarbonyl.

The modified polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides of this inventionhave been found to possess dispersancy and/or detergency properties whenemployed in a lubricating oil. These modified succinimides are alsouseful as detergents and/or dispersants in fuels.

2. Prior Art

Alkenyl or alkyl succinimides have been previously modified withalkylene oxides to produce poly(oxyalkylene)hydroxy derivatives thereof.These alkylene oxide treated succinimides are taught as additives forlubricating oils (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,373,111 and 3,367,943). U.S. Pat.No. 2,802,022 discloses the reaction of polyamines with ethylenecarbonate and derivatives thereof. These products are taught asintermediates in the preparation of polyurethane. U.S. Pat. No.2,991,162 discloses carburetor detergent additives for gasoline obtainedby reacting an N-alkyl propylene diamine with ethylene carbonate toproduce a two-component detergent additive consisting of a carbamate anda urea compound. British Pat. No. 689,705 discloses the reaction of anamine or polyamine with ethylene carbonate. U.S. Pat. No. 3,652,240discloses carburetor detergent additives for hydrocarbonaceous fuelwhich are carbamates formed by the reaction of an aminoamide withethylene carbonate. Karol et al, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,501,597 and 4,460,381,discloses that the reaction product of oxalic acid with a mono- orbis-succinimide is useful as a fuel stabilizer and as a carburetordetergent. U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,464 discloses succinimides which havebeen modified by treatment with a hydroxyalkylene carboxylic acidselected from glycolic acid, lactic acid, 2-hydroxymethyl propionic acidand 2,2'-bis-hydroxymethylpropionic acid. These modified succinimides ofU.S. Pat. No. 4,482,464 are disclosed as lubricating oil additives. U.S.Pat. No. 4,490,154 discloses fuels containing an alkenylsuccinylpolyglycolcarbonate ester as a deposit control additive. U.S. Pat. No.3,216,936 discloses a product prepared from an aliphatic amine, apolymer substituted succinic acid and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid.U.S. Pat. No. 4,191,537, among others, discloses hydrocarbyl cappedpoly(oxyalkylene)polyamino carbamates useful as dispersants anddetergents in fuels and lubricating oils. However, there is no teachingin these patents, or apparently elsewhere, to modify these polyaminoalkenyl or alkyl succinimides in the manner of this invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides maybe modified to yield a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide whereinone or more of the nitrogens of the polyamino moiety is substituted witha hydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl group, a hydroxyhydrocarbyldicarbonyl groupor a hydroxy poly(oxyalkylene)dicarbonyl group. Accordingly, the presentinvention is directed toward a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimidewherein one or more of the nitrogens of the polyamino moiety issubstituted with ##STR2## wherein R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, --R₅ (OH)_(t)wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and t is aninteger from 1 to 6 with the proviso that there is no hydroxysubstitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atom attaching the --R₅ (OH)_(t)group to the oxy atom of the ##STR3## moiety and with the furtherproviso that when t is greater than one, the hydroxy groups are notattached to the same carbon atom and the number of carbon atoms in theR₅ group is minimally equal to t+1, and --(R₇ O)_(s) H wherein R₇ isalkylene of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is an integer from 2 to 100.These modified succinimides are dispersants and/or detergents for use infuels or oils. Thus, the present invention also relates to a lubricatingoil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricatingviscosity and an amount of a modified polyamino alkenyl or alkylsuccinimide sufficient to provide dispersancy and/or detergency.

Another composition aspect of this invention is a fuel compositioncomprising a major portion of a hydrocarbon boiling in a gasoline ordiesel range and an amount of a modified polyamino alkenyl or alkylsuccinimide sufficient to provide dispersancy and/or detergency.

In general, the alkenyl or alkyl group of the succinimide is from 10 to300 carbon atoms. While the modified succinimides of this inventionpossess good detergency properties even for alkenyl or alkyl groups ofless than 20 carbon atoms, dispersancy is enhanced when the alkenyl oralkyl group is at least 20 carbon atoms. Accordingly, in a preferredembodiment the alkenyl or alkyl group of the succinimide is at least 20carbon atoms (i.e., the alkenyl or alkyl group is from 20 to 300 carbonatoms).

Polyoxyalkylene, as used above, denotes a polymer containing oxyalkyleneof from 2 to 100 units preferably 2 to 30, wherein said oxyalkylenecontains from 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

The term "oxydicarbonyl" means the group ##STR4## Thus, the term"hydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl" means the group ##STR5## the term"hydroxyhydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl" means the group ##STR6## and the term"hydroxy poly(oxyalkylene)dicarbonyl" means the group ##STR7## wherein sis an integer from 2 to 100.

The substitution of a nitrogen with any of the above-defined groupsresults in what is conveniently termed an "amide ester" which isunderstood to mean any of the following: ##STR8##

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The modified polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides of this inventionare prepared from a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide. In turn,these materials are prepared by reacting an alkenyl or alkyl succinicanhydride with a polyamine as shown below: ##STR9## wherein R is analkenyl or alkyl group of from 10 to 300 carbon atoms; and R¹ is theremainder of the polyamino moiety.

These alkenyl or alkyl succinimides that can be used herein aredisclosed in numerous references and are well known in the art. Certainfundamental types of succinimides and related materials encompassed bythe term of art "succinimide" are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,992,708;3,018,291; 3,024,237; 3,100,673; 3,219,666; 3,172,892; and 3,272,746,the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The term"succinimide" is understood in the art to include many of the amide,imide and amidine species which are also formed by this reaction. Thepredominant product however is succinimide and this term has beengenerally accepted as meaning the product of a reaction of an alkenylsubstituted succinic acid or anhydride with a polyamine as shown above.As used herein, included within this term are the alkenyl or alkylmono-, bis-succinimides and other higher analogs.

A(1) Succinic Anhydride

The preparation of the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride byreaction with a polyolefin and maleic anhydride has been described,e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,018,250 and 3,024,195. Such methods include thethermal reaction of the polyolefin with maleic anhydride and thereaction of a halogenated polyolefin, such as a chlorinated polyolefin,with maleic anhydride. Reduction of the alkenyl-substituted succinicanhydride yields the corresponding alkyl derivative. Alternatively, thealkenyl substituted succinic anhydride may be prepared as described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 4,388,471 and 4,450,281 which are totally incorporatedherein by reference.

Polyolefin polymers for reaction with the maleic anhydride are polymerscomprising a major amount of C₂ to C₅ mono-olefin, e.g., ethylene,propylene, butylene, isobutylene and pentene. The polymers can behomopolymers such as polyisobutylene as well as copolymers of 2 or moresuch olefins such as copolymers of: ethylene and propylene, butylene,and isobutylene, etc. Other copolymers include those in which a minoramount of the copolymer monomers, e.g., 1 to 20 mole percent is a C₄ toC₈ nonconjugated diolefin, e.g., a copolymer of isobutylene andbutadiene or a copolymer of ethylene, propylene and 1,4-hexadiene, etc.

The polyolefin polymer, represented in I above as R, usually containsfrom about 10 to 300 carbon atoms, although preferably 20 to 300 carbonatoms. Other preferred embodiments include 12 to 100 carbon atoms andmore preferably 20 to 100 carbon atoms.

A particularly preferred class of olefin polymers comprises thepolybutenes, which are prepared by polymerization of one or more of1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene. Especially desirable are polybutenescontaining a substantial proportion of units derived from isobutene. Thepolybutene may contain minor amounts of butadiene which may or may notbe incorporated in the polymer. Most often the isobutene unitsconstitute 80%, preferably at least 90%, of the units in the polymer.These polybutenes are readily available commercial materials well knownto those skilled in the art. Disclosures thereof will be found, forexample, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,215,707; 3,231,587; 3,515,669; and3,579,450, as well as U.S. Pat. No. 3,912,764. The above areincorporated by reference for their disclosures of suitable polybutenes.

In addition to the reaction of a polyolefin with maleic anhydride, manyother alkylating hydrocarbons may likewise be used with maleic anhydrideto produce alkenyl succinic anhydride. Other suitable alkylatinghydrocarbons include cyclic, linear, branched and internal or alphaolefins with molecular weights in the range 100-4,500 or more withmolecular weights in the range of 200-2,000 being more preferred. Forexample, alpha olefins obtained from the thermal cracking or paraffinwax. Generally, these olefins range from 5-20 carbon atoms in length.Another source of alpha olefins is the ethylene growth process whichgives even number carbon olefins. Another source of olefins is by thedimerization of alpha olefins over an appropriate catalyst such as thewell known Ziegler catalyst. Internal olefins are easily obtained by theisomerization of alpha olefins over a suitable catalyst such as silica.

A(2) Polyamine

The polyamine employed to prepare the polyamino alkenyl or alkylsuccinimides is preferably a polyamine having from 2 to about 12 aminenitrogen atoms and from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms. The polyamine isreacted with an alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydride to produce thepolyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide, employed in this invention. Thepolyamine is so selected so as to provide at least one basic amine persuccinimide. The polyamine preferably has a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio offrom about 1:1 to about 10:1.

Since the reaction to form an amide ester of this invention is believedto efficiently proceed through a primary or secondary amine, at leastone of the basic amine nitrogens of the polyamine moiety should be aprimary or secondary amine.

The polyamine portion of the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide maybe substituted with substituents selected from (A) hydrogen, (B)hydrocarbyl groups of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, (C) acyl groupsof from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and (D) monoketo, monohydroxy,mononitro, monocyano, lower alkyl and lower alkoxy derivatives of (B)and (C). "Lower", as used in terms like lower alkyl or lower alkoxy,means a group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.

At least one of the substituents on one of the amines of the polyaminomoiety is hydrogen, e.g., at least one of the basic nitrogens is aprimary or secondary amino nitrogen atom.

Hydrocarbyl, as used in describing the polyamine components of thisinvention, denotes an organic radical composed of carbon and hydrogenwhich may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or combinations thereof,e.g., aralkyl. Preferably, the hydrocarbyl group will be relatively freeof aliphatic unsaturation, i.e., ethylenic and acetylenic, particularlyacetylenic unsaturation. The substituted polyamines of the presentinvention are generally, but not necessarily, N-substituted polyamines.Exemplary hydrocarbyl groups and substituted hydrocarbyl groups includealkyls such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl,octyl, etc., alkenyls such as propenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, octenyl,etc., hydroxy alkyls, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl,hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, etc., ketoalkyls, such as2-ketopropyl, 6-ketooctyl, etc., alkoxy and lower alkenoxy alkyls, suchas ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl,2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl, 2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl,3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)hexyl, etc. The acylgroups of the aforementioned (C) substituents are such as propionyl,acetyl, etc. The more preferred substituents are hydrogen, C₁ -C₆alkyls, and C₁ -C₆ hydroxyalkyls.

In a substituted polyamine the substituents are found at any atomcapable of receiving them. The substituted atoms, e.g., substitutednitrogen atoms, are generally geometrically inequivalent, andconsequently the substituted amines finding use in the present inventioncan be mixtures of mono- and polysubstituted polyamines with substituentgroups situated at equivalent and/or inequivalent atoms.

The more preferred polyamine finding use within the scope of the presentinvention is a polyalkylene polyamine, including alkylene diamine, andincluding substituted polyamines, e.g., alkyl substituted polyalkylenepolyamine. Preferably, the alkylene group contains from 2 to 6 carbonatoms, there being preferably from 2 to 3 carbon atoms between thenitrogen atoms. Such groups are exemplified by ethylene, 1,2-propylene,2,2-dimethylpropylene, trimethylene, etc. Examples of such polyaminesinclude ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, di(trimethylene)triamine,dipropylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tripropylene tetramine,tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylene hexamine. Such aminesencompass isomers such as branched-chain polyamines and the previouslymentioned substituted polyamines, including hydrocarbyl-substitutedpolyamines. Among the polyalkylene polyamines, those containing 2-12amine nitrogen atoms and 2-24 carbon atoms are especially preferred, andthe C₂ -C₅ alkylene polyamines are most preferred, in particular, thelower polyalkylene polyamines, e.g., ethylene diamine, dipropylenetriamine, etc.

The polyamine component also may contain heterocyclic polyamines,heterocyclic substituted amines and substituted heterocyclic compounds,wherein the heterocycle comprises one or more 5-6 membered ringscontaining oxygen and/or nitrogen. Such heterocycles may be saturated orunsaturated and substituted with groups selected from the aforementioned(A), (B), (C) and (D). The heterocycles are exemplified by piperazines,such as 2-methylpiperazine, 1,2-bis-(N-piperazinyl)ethane, andN,N'-bis(N-piperazinyl)piperazine, 2-methylimidazoline,3-aminopiperidine, 2-aminopyridine, 2-(β-aminoethyl)-3-pyrroline,3-aminopyrrolidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine, etc. Among theheterocyclic compounds, the piperazines are preferred.

Typical polyamines that can be used to form the compounds of thisinvention include the following: ethylene diamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, 1,3-propylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylenetetramine, hexamethylene diamine, tetraethylene pentamine,methylaminopropylene diamine, N-(betaaminoethyl)piperazine,N,N'-di(betaaminoethyl)piperazine,N,N'-di(beta-aminoethyl)imidazolidone-2,N-(beta-cyanoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, 1,3,6,9-tetraaminooctadecane,1,3,6-triamino-9-oxadecane, N-(beta-aminoethyl)ethanolamine,N-methyl-1,2-propanediamine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)-ethanol.

Another group of suitable polyamines are the propyleneamines,(bisaminopropylethylenediamines). Propyleneamines are prepared by thereaction of acrylonitrile with an ethyleneamine, for example, anethyleneamine having the formula H₂ N(CH₂ CH₂ NH)_(Z) H wherein Z is aninteger from 1 to 5, followed by hydrogenation of the resultantintermediate. Thus, the product prepared from ethylene diamine andacrylonitrile would be H₂ N(CH₂)₃ NH(CH₂)₂ NH(CH₂)₃ NH₂.

In many instances the polyamine used as a reactant in the production ofsuccinimides of the present invention is not a single compound but amixture in which one or several compounds predominate with the averagecomposition indicated. For example, tetraethylene pentamine prepared bythe polymerization of aziridine or the reaction of dichloroethylene andammonia will have both lower and higher amine members, e.g., triethylenetetramine, substituted piperazines and pentaethylene hexamine, but thecomposition will be largely tetraethylene pentamine and the empiricalformula of the total amine composition will closely approximate that oftetraethylene pentamine. Finally, in preparing the succinimide for usein this invention, where the various nitrogen atoms of the polyamine arenot geometrically equivalent, several substitutional isomers arepossible and are encompassed within the final product. Methods ofpreparation of polyamines and their reactions are detailed inSidgewick's "The Organic Chemistry of Nitrogen", Clarendon Press,Oxford, 1966; Noller's "Chemistry of Organic Compounds", Saunders,Philadelphia, 2nd Ed., 1957; and Kirk-Othmer's "Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology", 2nd Ed., especially Volumes 2, pp. 99-116.

The reaction of a polyamine with an alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydrideto produce the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides is well known inthe art and is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,992,708; 3,018,291;3,024,237; 3,100,673; 3,219,666; 3,172,892 and 3,272,746. The above areincorporated herein by reference for their disclosures of preparingalkenyl or alkyl succinimides.

As noted above, the term "polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide" refersto both polyamino alkenyl or alkyl mono- and bis-succinimides and to thehigher analogs of polyamino alkenyl or alkyl poly succinimides.Preparation of the bis- and higher analogs may be accomplished bycontrolling the molar ratio of the reagents. For example, a productcomprising predominantly mono- or bis-succinimide can be prepared bycontrolling the molar ratios of the polyamine and succinic anhydride.Thus, if one mole of polyamine is reacted with one mole of an alkenyl oralkyl substituted succinic anhydride, a predominantly mono-succinimideproduct will be prepared. If two moles of an alkenyl or alkylsubstituted succinic anhydride are reacted per mole of polyamine, abis-succinimide is prepared. Higher analogs may likewise be prepared.

A particularly preferred class of polyamino alkenyl or alkylsuccinimides employed in the instant invention may be represented byFormula II: ##STR10## wherein R is alkenyl or alkyl of from 10 to 300carbon atoms; R₂ is alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R₃ is hydrogen,lower alkyl or lower hydroxy alkyl; a is an integer from 0 to 10; and Wis --NH₂ or represents a group of Formula III: ##STR11## wherein R isalkenyl or alkyl of from 10 to 300 carbon atoms; with the proviso thatwhen W is the group of Formula III above, then a is not zero and atleast one of R₃ is hydrogen.

As indicated above, the polyamine employed in preparing the succinimideis often a mixture of different compounds having an average compositionindicated as the Formula II. Accordingly, in Formula II each value of R₂and R₃ may be the same as or different from other R₂ and R₃.

Preferably R is alkenyl or alkyl is preferably 20 to 300 carbon atoms.In other preferred embodiments, R is alkenyl or alkyl of from 12 to 100carbon atoms and more preferably 20 to 100 carbon atoms.

Preferably R₂ is alkylene of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and most preferably iseither ethylene or propylene.

Preferably, R₃ is hydrogen or lower alkyl.

Preferably, a is an integer from 1 to 6.

In formula II, the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides may beconveniently viewed as being composed of three moieties that is thealkenyl or alkyl moiety R, the succinimide moiety represented by theformula: ##STR12## and the polyamino moiety represented by the group##STR13##

The preferred alkylene polyamines employed in this reaction aregenerally represented by the formula: ##STR14## wherein R₂ is analkylene moiety of 2 to 10 carbon atoms and a is an integer from about 0to 10. However, the preparation of these alkylene polyamines do notproduce a single compound and cyclic heterocycles, such as piperazine,may be included to some extent in the alkylene diamines of IV.

B. MODIFIED SUCCINIMIDES

The polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of thebasic ntirogens of the polyamino moiety is converted to a hydrocarbylamide ester, may be prepared by reaction of a polyamino alkenyl or alkylsuccinimide with an appropriate chlorodicarbonyloxy compound.

The polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of thebasic nitrogens of the polyamino moiety is converted to ahydroxyhydrocarbyl amide ester or a hydroxy poly(oxyalkylene) amideester may be prepared by reaction of a polyamino alkenyl or alkylsuccinimide with an appropriate hydroxy protected chlorodicarbonyloxycompound followed by removal of the hydroxy protecting group.

Hydrocarbyl, as used in describing thehydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl-components of this invention, denotes anorganic radical composed of carbon and hydrogen which may be aliphatic,aromatic or combinations thereof, e.g., aralkyl. The hydrocarbyl groupcontains from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10 carbonatoms and most preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms. Suitable hydrocarbyls arealkyls such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl,octyl, etc.; alkenyls such as propenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, octenyl,etc.; aralkyl such as benzyl, and the like; aryls such as phenyl,naphthyl, and the like.

Hydroxy hydrocarbyl, as used in describing the hydroxyhydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl components of this invention, denotes anorganic radical composed of carbon and hydrogen containing 1 to 6hydroxy groups, preferably 1 to 3 hydroxy groups, more preferably 1 to 2hydroxy groups and most preferably 1 hydroxy group. It is also possiblethat some keto and aldehyde groups may be present in these hydroxysubstituted hydrocarbyls altough preferably not. The hydroxy substitutedhydrocarbyl group contains from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 10carbon atoms and most preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms. Suitable hydroxyhydrocarbyls are hydroxy alkyls such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl,hydroxyisopropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyland the like. Some hydroxy alkyls may also be termed "hydroxyalkylene"such as 3-hydroxypropylene (HOCH₂ CH₂ CH₂ --) and are included withinthe term hydroxy alkyls defined above. Other suitable hydroxyhydrocarbyls are hydroxy aralkyls such as 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropyl##STR15## and the like.

Hydroxy poly(oxyalkylene), as used in describing the hydroxypoly(oxyalkylene)dicarbonyl components of this invention, denotes apolymer containing from 2 to 100 C₂ -C₅ oxyalkylene units and may berepresented by the formula: ##STR16## wherein alkylene is a C₂ -C₅alkylene group and s is an integer from 2 to 100, preferably from about2 to about 30.

As used herein, the term "molar charge of chlorodicarbonyloxy compoundto the basic nitrogen of a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide" meansthat the molar charge of chlorodicarbonyloxy compound employed in thereaction is based upon the theoretical number of basic nitrogenscontained in the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide. Thus, when 1equivalent of triethylene tetraamine (TETA) is reacted with anequivalent of an alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydride, the resultingmonosuccinimide will theoretically contain 3 basic nitrogens.Accordingly, a molar charge of 1 would require that a mole ofchlorodicarbonyloxy compound be added for each basic nitrogen or in thiscase 3 moles of chlorodicarbonyloxy compound for each mole ofmonosuccinimide prepared from TETA.

Polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of thenitrogens is substituted with a hydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl group may beprepared as follows: ##STR17## wherein R₈ and R₉ form the remainder of apolyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide and hydrocarbyl is a hydrocarbylgroup of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Reaction (1) is conducted by contacting the chlorodicarbonyloxyderivative, V, with the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide, VI. Thereaction may be conducted neat or in a suitable inert diluent. Suitablediluents include ethyl acetate, toluene, xylene, oil and the like. Anorganic base such as pyridine, triethylamine and the like may be addedto the reaction to scavenge the acid generated. However, the generatedacid may also be removed by an alkaline water wash or an alkaline brinewash of the reaction solution after reaction completion without the needof added base. The reaction is generally conducted at from 0° C. to 50°C. and is generally complete from within 0.5 to 24 hours. Afterwards,the amide ester, VII, may be further isolated by conventional techniquessuch as chromatography, filtration and the like.

Polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides wherein one or more of thenitrogens is substituted with a hydroxyhydrocarbyloxydicarbonyl or ahydroxy poly(oxyalkylene)dicarbonyl may be prepared as follows:##STR18## wherein R₈ and R₉ are as defined above; and R₁₄ is either --R₅(OR₆)_(t) wherein R₅ and t are as defined above and R₆ is a hydroxyprotecting group; or --R₇ O)_(s) R₆ wherein R₆, R₇ and s are as definedabove.

Reaction (2) is conducted by contacting the chlorodicarbonyloxyderivative, VIII, with the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide, VI.The reaction may be conducted neat or in a suitable inert diluent.Suitable diluents include ethyl acetate, toluene, xylene, oil and thelike. An organic base such as pyridine, triethylamine and the like maybe added to the reaction to scavenge the acid generated. However, thegenerated acid is preferably removed by an alkaline water wash (pH offrom 8-9) or an alkaline brine wash (pH 8-9) of the reaction solutionafter reaction completion without the need of added base. The reactionis generally conducted at from -78° C. to 50° C. with 0°-30° C. beingpreferred. However, when the protecting group employed istrichloroacetate, use of lower temperatures, i.e., -78° C. to 0° C.,help prevent possible side products from forming and may be preferredfor this purpose. The reaction is generally complete from within 0.5 to24 hours. If the polyamino moiety of the alkenyl or alkyl succinimidecontains hydroxyalkyl substitution, it is preferable to conduct reaction(2) or reaction (1) for that matter at a sufficiently low temperature toprevent reaction of the chlorodicarbonyloxy compound with the hydroxygroup resulting in oxydicarbonyloxy formation. Generally, temperaturesof from -78° C. to 0° C. are sufficiently low to minimize thisoxydicarbonyloxy formation. In any event, any oxydicarbonyloxy so formedfrom the hydroxyalkyl group during the chlorodicarbonyloxy reaction mayitself react with a primary or secondary amino nitrogen of thesuccinimide to form an amide ester or may be readily removed byposttreating the product with an alkanol (e.g., ethanol) undertransesterification conditions.

After the water washing, the product may be further isolated byconventional techniques such as chromatography, filtration and the likeor used in reaction (10) without additional isolation.

The hydroxy protecting group, R₆, used in chlorodicarbonyloxy, VIII, isany acceptable hydroxy protecting group which does not contain afunctionality which is reactive with a chlorodicarbonyloxy compound oran amine of the succinimide under the conditions employed. Suitableprotecting groups include benzyl, carbobenzoxy ##STR19## trichloroacetyl##STR20## and the like. The identity of the particular protecting groupis not critical provided it can be readily removed from the hydroxygroup after reaction (2) is completed. For instance, trichloroacetyl maybe removed by an alkaline brine wash (pH of from 8-9); by addition of adialkylamine (e.g., dimethylamine or di-n-butylamine) into the reactionmedium; or by an aqueous solution of tetrahydrofuran containingapproximately 30% water at a pH 9-10. Removal of the R₆ protecting groupis conducted at the completion of reaction (2) as shown in reaction (3)below: ##STR21## wherein R₈, R₉, R₅, R₆, R₇, s and t are as definedabove. Removal of other R₆ protecting groups is well known in the art.For example, benzyl and carbobenzoxy protecting groups may be readilyremoved by hydrogenation using a suitable catalyst such as palladium oncarbon. Similarly, carbobenzoxy protecting groups may also be removed bytrifluoroacetic acid.

Alternatively, the products of this invention may be prepared byreacting a polyaminoalkenyl or alkyl succinimide, VI, with anaryloxydicarbonyloxy compound as shown in reaction (1a) below: ##STR22##wherein R₈ and R₉ are as defined above; R₂₄ is hydrocarbyl of from 1 to30 carbon atoms, --R₅ (OR₆)_(t) wherein R₅ and t are as defined aboveand R₆ is a hydroxy protecting group, or --R₇ O)_(s) R₆ wherein R₆, R₇and s are as defined above; and aryl is preferably phenyl or substitutedphenyl such as p-nitrophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, etc.

Reaction (1a) is conducted by contacting the aryloxydicarbonyloxycompounds with the polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide, VI. Thereaction may be conducted neat or in a suitable inert diluent. Suitablediluents include toluene, xylene, thinner, oil, and the like. Thereaction is generally conducted at from 50° C. to 150° C. and isgenerally complete from within 1 to 4 hours. Afterwards, the product maybe further isolated by conventional techniques such as stripping,chromatography, filtration, and the like.

The aryloxydicarbonyloxy compounds are prepared via conventionalprocesses from an aryl alcohol and a chlorodicarbonlyloxy compound (V orVIII above), under conditions known per se.

In reactions (1) and (2) above, if additional chlorodicarbonyloxyderivative, V or VIII, is added to the reaction it will efficientlyreact with any available primary or secondary amine of the polyaminoalkenyl or alkyl succinimide and convert these to amide esters.Preferably, it is desirable to convert at least 20% of the primary andsecondary amines to amide esters; more preferably at least 50% of theprimary and secondary amines should be converted to amide esters; andmost preferably all of the primary and secondary amines to amide esters.

In general, maximum amide ester formation in the polyamino alkenyl oralkyl succinimide can be obtained by employing a molar charge ofchlorodicarbonyloxy derivative (V or VIII) to the theoretical basicnitrogen of the alkenyl or alkyl succinimide of from 0.7:1 to about 1:1.In some cases, a slight excess of chlorodicarbonyloxy derivative may beemployed to enhance reaction rate.

Suitable chlorodicarbonyloxy derivatives, V, include chlorodicarbonyloxyhydrocarbyls wherein hydrocarbyl is a C₁ -C₃₀ hydrocarbyl group. Thesechlorodicarbonyloxy hydrocarbyl derivatives may be readily prepared fromthe corresponding C₁ -C₃₀ hydrocarbyl alcohols by reaction with oxalylchloride. The C₁ -C₃₀ hydrocarbyl alcohols are either commerciallyavailable or may be readily prepared by art recognized techniques.

Suitable chlorodicarbonyloxy-hydroxy protected hydrocarbyl of formulaVIII (wherein t=1) may be prepared as shown in reactions (4) and (5)below. In these reactions the protecting group R₆ is trichloroacetylalthough it is understood that other suitable protecting groups may besimilarly employed: ##STR23## wherein R₅ is as defined above.

Reaction (4) is a conventional esterification reaction and is conductedby combining the diol, XIV, with the acid XV, to yield the monester,XVI. In order to prevent formation of a diester, an excess of diol, XIV,is employed. In general, from 1.1 to 4 equivalents of diol, XIV, andpreferably 2 equivalents per equivalent of acid XV are employed inreaction (4) although larger excesses may be employed. The reaction maybe conducted neat or in a suitable diluent such as toluene, benzene andthe like. The water generated during the reaction may be readily removedvia a Dean-Stark trap. The product ester, XVI, may be isolated byconventional techniques such as chromatography, filtration and the likeor used in reaction (5) without purification.

Alternatively, the monoester, XVI, may be prepared by forming thediester of glycol XIV and then hydrolyzing one of the esters to thealcohol to form monoester XVI.

Reaction (5) is conducted by adding the ester, XVI, to a suitable inertdiluent such as toluene, benzene and the like. Oxalyl chloride, XVII, isthen added to the system over a period of time. Generally, an excess ofoxalyl chloride is employed. In particular, from approximately 1.1-2.5equivalents of oxalyl chloride is added per equivalent of ester, XVI.The reaction is conducted at from -78° C. to room temperature althoughpreferably at from -10° to 10° C. and is generally complete from within1/2 to 12 hours. If it is necessary to prevent formation of sideproducts, the ester, XVI, may be slowly added to an excess of oxalylchloride XVII. The chlorodicarbonyloxy derivative, XVIII, may beisolated by conventional techniques such as distillation but preferablythe system is stripped of a portion of the inert diluent which alsoremoves the hydrochloride gas generated and excess oxalyl chloride. Theproduct, XVIII, and the remaining diluent are then used as is inreaction (2) above.

The glycol, XIV, is either commercially available or may be readilyprepared from art recognized techniques.

When t is 2 or more, the chlorodicarbonyloxy is prepared similarly as toreactions (4) and (5) above. However, it is noted that excess polyol inthese reactions is not necessary since all but one of the hydroxy groupsof the polyol should be protected. Accordingly, if the polyol contains 4hydroxy groups, three of these hydroxy groups should be protected. Thiscan be accomplished by using 3 equivalents of the protecting agent suchas trichloroacetic acid. Alternatively, the triester may be prepared byfirst forming the tetraester and then hydrolyzing one of these esters toa hydroxy group to form the triester. In any case, a mixture is obtainedfrom both procedures and the desired product being isolated byconventional techniques (i.e., chromatography).

Polyols are either commercially available (i.e. glycerol,pentaerythritol, etc.) or may be readily prepared by art recognizedtechniques.

Chlorodicarbonyloxy poly(oxyalkylene) protected hydroxy are preparedsimilarly as the chlorodicarbonyloxy hydroxy protected hydrocarbyl bysubstituting a poly(oxyalkylene)glycol, XIX, in reactions (4) and (5)above. ##STR24## wherein alkylene and s are as defined above.

The poly(oxyalkylene)glycol materials, XIX, are the addition polymers oflower aliphatic oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, thebutylene oxides and the pentylene oxides and are prepared by employing aglycol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like underpolymerization conditions. These materials are commercially available ormay be readily prepared.

For example, in a polymerization reaction a single type of alkyleneoxide may be employed, e.g., propylene oxide, in which case the productis a homopolymer, e.g., a hydroxy poly(oxypropylene)propanol. However,copolymers are equally satisfactory and random copolymers are readilyprepared by contacting a glycol with a mixture of alkylene oxides, suchas a mixture of propylene and butylene oxides. Block copolymers ofoxyalkylene units also provide satisfactory poly(oxyalkylene)polymersfor the practice of the present invention.

In general, the poly(oxyalkylene)polymers are mixtures of compounds thatdiffer in polymer chain length. However, their properties closelyapproximate those of the polymer represented by the average compositionand molecular weight.

If the polyamino moiety of the alkenyl or alkyl succinimide does notcontain hydroxy alkyl substitution, hydroxy alkyl groups may beintroduced into the modified succinimides of this invention by additionof a chloroalkanol (e.g., chloroethanol) provided the succinimideretains some basic nitrogen. The chloroalkanol will react with basicnitrogen to yield the hydroxy alkyl group. This reaction may alsoproduce some quaterinized nitrogen products but this may be minimized bycontrolling the reaction conditions such as by limiting the amount ofchloroalkanol added.

Accordingly, by employing the appropriate chlorodicarbonyloxy reagentand a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide of formula II above in theabove reactions, compounds of the following formula are produced.##STR25## wherein R is alkenyl or alkyl of from 10 to 300 carbon atoms;R₂ is alkylene of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; a is an integer from 0 to10; R₁₀ is hydrogen, lower alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, lowerhydroxy alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and ##STR26## wherein R₄ isselected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbonatoms, --R₅ (OH)_(t) wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 20 carbonatoms and t is an integer from 1 to 6 with the proviso that there is nohydroxy substitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atom attaching the --R₅(OH)_(t) group to the oxy atom of the ##STR27## moiety and with thefurther proviso that when t is greater than one, the hydroxy groups arenot attached to the same carbon atom and the number of carbon atoms inthe R₅ group is minimally equal to t+1, and --(R₇ O)_(s) H wherein R₇ isalkylene of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is an integer from 2 to 100;T is ##STR28## or --NHR₁₀ wherein R and R₁₀ are as above defined withthe proviso that at least one of R₁₀ is ##STR29##

Preferably R is alkenyl or alkyl of from about 20 to 300 carbon atoms,and more preferably 20 to 100 carbon atoms; R₂ is alkylene of from 2 to6 carbon atoms; a is an integer from 1 to 6; R₁₀ is ##STR30##

Preferably s is an integer from 2 to 30 and most preferably 2 to 20.

A carbon atom containing 2 hydroxy groups are hemiketals which readilylose water to form ketones (or aldehydes). For the purpose of thisinvention, if t is 2 or more than the hydroxy groups are not on the samecarbon atom. Moreover, the carbon atom attached to the oxy atom of thedicarbonyloxy group cannot be substituted with hydroxy since suchhydroxy substitution would require that the alcohol XIV (or itsequivalent if t is greater than 1) be a hemiketal which is not withinthe scope of this invention. Accordingly, for each value of t greaterthan 1, the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group mustminimally equal t+1.

The modified succinimides of this invention can be reacted at atemperature sufficient to cause reaction with boric acid or a similarboron compound to form borated dispersants having utility within thescope of this invention. In addition to boric acid (boron acid),examples of suitable boron compounds include boron oxides, boron halidesand esters of boric acid. Generally from about 0.1 equivalents to 10equivalents of boron compound to the modified succinimide may beemployed.

The modified polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides of this inventionare useful as detergent and dispersant additives when employed inlubricating oils. When employed in this manner, the modified polyaminoalkenyl or alkyl succinimide additive is usually present in from 0.2 to10 percent by weight to the total composition and preferably at about0.5 to 5 percent by weight. The lubricating oil used with the additivecompositions of this invention may be mineral oil or synthetic oils oflubricating viscosity and preferably suitable for use in the crankcaseof an internal combustion engine. Crankcase lubricating oils ordinarilyhave a viscosity of about 1300 CSt 0° F. to 22.7 CSt at 210° F. (99°C.). The lubricating oils may be derived from synthetic or naturalsources. Mineral oil for use as the base oil in this invention includesparaffinic, naphthenic and other oils that are ordinarily used inlubricating oil compositions. Synthetic oils include both hydrocarbonsynthetic oils and synthetic esters. Useful synthetic hydrocarbon oilsinclude liquid polymers of alpha olefins having the proper viscosity.Especially useful are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of C₆ to C₁₂alpha olefins such as 1-decene trimer. Likewise, alkyl benzenes ofproper viscosity such as didodecyl benzene, can be used. Usefulsynthetic esters include the esters of both monocarboxylic acid andpolycarboxylic acids as well as monohydroxy alkanols and polyols.Typical examples are didodecyl adipate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate,di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, dilaurylsebacate and the like. Complex estersprepared from mixtures of mono and dicarboxylic acid and mono anddihydroxy alkanols can also be used.

Blends of hydrocarbon oils with synthetic oils are also useful. Forexample, blends of 10 to 25 weight percent hydrogenated 1-decene trimerwith 75 to 90 weight percent 150 SUS (100° F.) mineral oil gives anexcellent lubricating oil base.

Additive concentrates are also included within the scope of thisinvention. The concentrates of this invention usually include from about90 to 10 weight percent of an oil of lubricating viscosity and fromabout 10 to 90 weight percent of the complex additive of this invention.Typically, the concentrates contain sufficient diluent to make them easyto handle during shipping and storage. Suitable diluents for theconcentrates include any inert diluent, preferably an oil of lubricatingviscosity, so that the concentrate may be readily mixed with lubricatingoils to prepare lubricating oil compositions. Suitable lubricating oilswhich can be used as diluents typically have viscosities in the rangefrom about 35 to about 500 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100° F.(38° C.), although an oil of lubricating viscosity may be used.

Other additives which may be present in the formulation include rustinhibitors, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators,pour point depressants, antioxidants, and a variety of other well-knownadditives.

It is also contemplated the modified succinimides of this invention maybe employed as dispersants and detergents in hydraulic fluids, marinecrankcase lubricants and the like. When so employed, the modifiedsuccinimide is added at from about 0.1 to 10 percent by weight to theoil. Preferably, at from 0.5 to 5 weight percent.

When used in fuels, the proper concentration of the additive necessaryin order to achieve the desired detergency is dependent upon a varietyof factors including the type of fuel used, the presence of otherdetergents or dispersants or other additives, etc. Generally, however,and in the preferred embodiment, the range of concentration of theadditive in the base fuel is 10 to 10,000 weight parts per million,preferably from 30 to 2,000 weight parts per million, and mostpreferably from 30 to 700 parts per million of the modified succinimideper part of base fuel. If other detergents are present, a lesser amountof the modified succinimide may be used.

The modified succinimide additives of this invention may be formulatedas a fuel concentrate, using an inert stable oleophilic organic solventboiling in the range of about 150° to 400° F. Preferably, an aliphaticor an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is used, such as benzene, toluene,xylene or higher-boiling aromatics or aromatic thinners. Aliphaticalcohols of about 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as isopropanol,isobutylcarbinol, n-butanol and the like, in combination withhydrocarbon solvents are also suitable for use with the fuel additive.In the fuel concentrate, the amount of the additive will be ordinarilyat least 10 percent by weight and generally not exceed 70 percent byweight and preferably from 10 to 25 weight percent.

The following examples are offered to specifically illustrate thisinvention. These examples and illustrations are not to be construed inany way as limiting the scope of this invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of Ethylene Glycol Mono-Trichloroacetate

To a 3-neck flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet tube, a mechanicalstirrer and a dean stark trap was added 37.2 g of ethylene glycol (0.6moles) and 49.0 g of trichloroacetic acid (0.3 moles). The mixture washeated at 150° C. for 3.5 hours. Volatiles distills out of the reactionmixture and are collected in the Dean-Stark trap. After cooling, thecrude mixture was dissolved in 150 ml of methylene chloride and waswashed three times with 150 ml of ice water. The organic phase was driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removedunder vacuum to give the mono-trichloroacetate as the major product.

A sample of mono-trichloroacetate prepared similarly as above waspurified by silica gel chromatography. The crude material (90.8 g) wasplaced on a column packed with 484 g of silica gel and eluted with 5%ethyl acetate/hexane. The mono-trichloroacetate has an R_(f) =0.25 inthis solvent system and 58.2 g was obtained as single spot material.

Example 2 Preparation of Chlorodicarbonyloxy derivative of EthyleneGlycol Mono-Trichloroacetate

Ethylene glycol mono-trichloroacetate, 14.5 g, 0.07 moles, is dissolvedin 100 ml of toluene and excess oxalyl chloride carefully passed throughthe solution for several hours. The reaction is monitored by TLC untilall of the starting material is gone. After the reaction is completed,nitrogen is bubbled through the solution to remove hydrogen chloride andunreacted oxalyl chloride. The toluene solution containing thechlorodicarbonyloxy derivative of ethylene glycol can be used insubsequent reactions.

Example 3 Preparation of a Hydroxy Ethyl Amide Ester of a PolyaminoAlkenyl or Alkyl Succinimide. Reaction of Protected ChlorodicarbonyloxyDerivative with Bissuccinimide

(a) The chlorodicarbonyloxy derivative of ethylene glycolmono-trichloroacetate, 4.3 g (0.0144 moles) is dissolved in 20 mltoluene. 20.3 g of a bissuccinimide dispersant composition (prepared byreacting 1 mole of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, where thepolyisobutenyl group has a number average molecular weight (MW) of about950, with 0.5 mole of tetraethylene pentaamine then diluting to about50% actives in diluent oil to give a material with an AV=29.7 and anitrogen content of 1.51%) is dissolved in 25 ml of toluene. Bothsolutions are cooled to below 0° C. (approximately -2° C.) using a saltice-water bath. The solutions are poured together into a 500 ml flaskequipped with a mechanical stirrer and drying tube attached. Thereaction solution is mixed with strong stirring and kept below 0° C. for40 minutes and then allowed to warm to room temperature.

(b) After stirring at room temperature for several hours, the reactionsolution is added to 130 mls hexane and 65 mls in NaOH in a separatoryfunnel in order to remove the trichloroacetate group. The mixture isintermittantly shaken for 30 minutes. After phase separation, theorganic layer is washed several times with brine, dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, filtered and stripped to yield the title product.

Example 4 Preparation of Glycerol Di-(trichloroacetate)

To a 3-neck flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet tube, a mechanicalstirrer and a Dean-Stark trap is added 92 g of glycerol and 326.8 g oftrichloroacetic acid. The mixture is heated at 150° C. for 3.5 hours.Water distills out of the reaction mixture and is collected in theDean-Stark trap. After cooling, the crude mixture is dissolved in 150 mlof methylene chloride and is washed three times with 150 ml of icewater. The organic phase is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered and the solvent is removed under vacuum to give adi(trichloroacetate) of glycerol which may be purified by columnchromatography using silica gel.

Example 5 Preparation of Chlorodicarbonyloxy Derivative of GlycerolDi-(trichloroacetate)

Glycerol di-(trichloroacetate) 36.1 g, is dissolved in 200 ml of tolueneand excess oxalyl chloride is carefully passed through the solution forseveral hours. The reaction is monitored by TLC until all of thestarting material is gone. After reaction completion, nitrogen isbubbled through the solution to remove hydrogen chloride and unreactedoxalyl chloride to yield a toluene solution containing the titleproduct.

Example 6

The chlorodicarbonyloxy derivative of glycerol-di(trichloroacetate),42.3 g, is dissolved in 200 ml toluene. 300 g of a monosuccinimidedispersant composition (prepared by reacting 1 mole of polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride, where the polyisobutenyl group has a number averagemolecular weight of about 950, with 0.87 mole of tetraethylenepentaamine then diluting to about 50% actives in diluent oil) isdissolved in 200 ml toluene. Both solutions are cooled to below 0° C.(approximately -2° C.) using a salt ince-water bath. The solutions arepoured together into a 2 l flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer anda drying tube. The reaction solution is mixed with strong stirring andkept below 0° C. for 40 minutes and then is allowed to warm to roomtemperature. After stirring at room temperature for several hours, about65 mls of the reaction mixture is added to 130 mls hexane and 65 mls 1NNaOH in a separatory funnel in order to remove the trichloroacetategroup. The mixture is intermittantly shaked for 30 minutes. After phaseseparation, the organic layer is washed several times with brine, isdried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, is filtered and stripped toyield dihydroxypropyl amide ester derivatives of the monosuccinimide.

Example 7

To a 3-neck flask equpped with a nitrogen inlet tube, a mechanicalstirrer and a Dean-Stark trap is added 36 g of polyethylene glycol(average MW=600-- available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.as Aldrich 20,240-1) and 4.9 g of trichloroacetic acid. The mixture isheated at 150° C. for 3.5 hours. Water distills out of the reactionmixture and is collected in the Dean-Stark trap. After cooling, thecrude mixture is dissolved in 150 ml of methylene chloride and is washedthree times with 150 ml of ice-water. The organic phase is dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the solvent is removed to givepolyethylene glycol monotrichloroacetate which is purified by columnchromatography using silica gel.

By following the procedures outlined in Examples 1-6 above, thechlorodicarbonyloxy derivative of the polyethylene glycolmonotrichloroacetate is prepared which then is reacted with asuccinimide of this invention and then is then deprotected to yield asuccinimide wherein one or more of the basic nitrogens has beenconverted to a hydroxy polyoxyethylene amide ester.

Example 8

To a 5-liter, 3-necked flask is charged, 1,250 g of the monosuccinimidedispersant composition of Example 6. Afterwards, 1,440 g of eicosylchlorodicarbonyloxy compound (prepared by reacting 1-eicosanol withoxalyl chloride) is slowly added to the reaction system at a temperaturefrom 20°-25° C. The reaction system is stirred at this temperature for 3hours at which time the reaction solution is added to 250 hydrocarbonthinner which is a mixture of aromatics, paraffins and naphthenes. Theorganic solution is washed with brine and then stripped to removevolatiles to yield a dispersant product containing eicosyl amide esterfunctionalities.

Similarly prepare other hydrocarbyl amide esters by employing methanol,ethanol, isopropanol, decanol and the like in place of 1-eicosanol inthe above example to yield dispersant products useful in this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbonboiling in the gasoline or diesel range and from 10 to 10,000 parts permillion of a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide wherein one or moreof the nitrogens of the polyamino moiety is substituted with ##STR31##wherein R₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl of from1 to 30 carbon atoms, --R₅ (OH)_(t) wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2to 20 carbon atoms and t is an integer from 1 to 6 with the proviso thatthere is no hydroxy substitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atomattaching the --R₅ (OH)_(t) group to the oxy atom of the ##STR32##moiety and with the further proviso than when t is greater than one, thehydroxy groups are not attached to the same carbon atom and the numberof carbon atoms in the R₅ group is minimally equal to t+1, and --(R₇O)_(s) H wherein R₇ is alkylene of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is aninteger from 2 to
 100. 2. The fuel composition defined in claim 1wherein R₄ is hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
 3. The fuelcomposition defined in claim 2 wherein R₄ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 10carbon atoms.
 4. The fuel composition defined in claim 3 wherein R₄ ishydrocarbyl of from 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
 5. The fuel composition definedin claim 1 wherein R₄ is --R₅ (OH)_(t) wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from2 to 20 carbon atoms and t is an integer from 1 to 6 with the provisothat there is no hydroxy substitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atomattaching the --R₅ (OH)_(t) group to the oxy atom of the ##STR33##moiety and with the further proviso that when t is greater than one, thehydroxy groups are not attached to the same carbon atom and the numberof carbon atoms in the R₅ group is minimally equal to t+1.
 6. The fuelcomposition defined in claim 5 wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 10carbon atoms.
 7. The fuel composition defined in claim 6 wherein t is 1.8. The fuel composition defined in claim 5 where --R₅ (OH)_(t) ishydroxyethylene (--CH₂ CH₂ OH).
 9. The fuel composition of claim 1wherein R₄ is --(R₇ O)_(s) H wherein R₇ is alkylene of from 2 to 5carbon atoms and s is an integer of from 2 to
 100. 10. The fuelcomposition defined in claim 9 wherein s is an integer from 2 to
 30. 11.The fuel composition defined in claim 10 wherein s is an integer from 2to
 20. 12. A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon boiling in thegasoline or diesel range and from 10 to 10,000 parts per million of acompound of the formula ##STR34## wherein R is alkenyl or alkyl of from10 to 300 carbon atoms; R₂ is alkylene of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; ais an integer from 1 to 6; R₁₀ is hydrogen, lower alkyl of from 1 to 6carbon atoms, lower hydroxy alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and ##STR35##wherein R₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl of from1 to 30 carbon atoms, --R₅ (OH)_(t) wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2to 20 carbon atoms and t is an integer from 1 to 6 with the proviso thatthere is no hydroxy substitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atomattaching the --R₅ (OH)_(t) group to the oxy atom of the ##STR36##moiety and with the further proviso that when t is greater than one, thehydroxy groups are not attached to the same carbon atom and the numberof carbon atoms in the R₅ group is minimally equal to t+1, and --(R₇O)_(s) H wherein R₇ is alkylene of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is aninteger from 2 to 100; and T is ##STR37## or --NHR₁₀ wherein R and R₁₀are as defined above with the proviso that at least one of R₁₀ is##STR38##
 13. The fuel composition defined in claim 5 wherein R isalkenyl or alkyl of from 20 to 300 carbon atoms.
 14. The fuelcomposition defined in claim 13 wherein R is alkenyl or alkyl of from 20to 100 carbon atoms.
 15. The fuel composition defined in claim 14wherein R₄ is hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
 16. The fuelcomposition defined in claim 15 wherein R₄ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to10 carbon atoms.
 17. The fuel composition defined in claim 14 wherein R₄is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
 18. The fuel compositiondefined in claim 14 wherein R₄ is --R₅ (OH)_(t) wherein R₅ ishydrocarbyl of from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and t is an integer from 1 to 6with the proviso that there is no hydroxy substitution on thehydrocarbyl carbon atom attaching the --R₅ (OH)_(t) group to the oxyatom of the ##STR39## moiety and with the further proviso that when t isgreater than one, the hydroxy groups are not attached to the same carbonatom and the number of carbon atoms in the R₅ group is minimally equalto t+1.
 19. The fuel composition defined in claim 18 wherein R₅ ishydrocarbyl of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
 20. The fuel compositiondefined in claim 19 wherein t is
 1. 21. The fuel composition defined inclaim 18 wherein --R₅ (OH)_(t) is hydroxyethylene (e.g., --CH₂ CH₂ OH).22. The fuel composition defined in claim 14 wherein R₄ is --R₇ O)_(s) Hwherein R₇ is alkylene of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is an integerof from 2 to
 100. 23. The fuel composition defined in claim 22 wherein sis an integer of from 2 to
 30. 24. The fuel composition defined in claim23 wherein s is an integer of from 2 to
 20. 25. A fuel concentratecomprising 30 to 90 weight percent of a inert oleophilic organic solventand 10 to 70 weight percent of a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimidewherein one or more of the nitrogens of the polyamino moiety issubstituted with ##STR40## wherein R₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, --R₅ (OH)_(t)wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and t is aninteger from 1 to 6 with the proviso that there is no hydroxysubstitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atom attaching the --R₅ (OH)_(t)group to the oxy atom of the ##STR41## moiety and with the furtherproviso than when t is greater than one, the hydroxy groups are notattached to the same carbon atom and the number of carbon atoms in theR₅ group is minimally equal to t+1, and --(R₇ O)_(s) H wherein R₇ isalkylene of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is an integer from 2 to 100.26. A fuel concentrate comprising 70 to 10 weight percent of an inertoleophilic organic solvent and 10 to 70 weight percent of a compound ofthe formula ##STR42## wherein R is alkenyl or alkyl of from 10 to 300carbon atoms; R₂ is alkylene of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms; a is aninteger from 0 to 10; R₁₀ is hydrogen, lower alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbonatoms, lower hydroxy alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and ##STR43## whereinR₄ is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl of from 1 to 30carbon atoms, --R₅ (OH)_(t) wherein R₅ is hydrocarbyl of from 2 to 20carbon atoms and t is an integer from 1 to 6 with the proviso that thereis no hydroxy substitution on the hydrocarbyl carbon atom attaching the--R₅ (OH)_(t) group to the oxy atom of the ##STR44## moiety and with thefurther proviso that when t is greater than one, the hydroxy groups arenot attached to the same carbon atom and the number of carbon atoms inthe R₅ group is minimally equal to t+1, and --(R₇ O)_(s) H wherein R₇ isalkylene of 2 to 5 carbon atoms and s is an integer from 2 to 100; and Tis ##STR45## or --NHR₁₀ wherein R and R₁₀ are as defined above with theproviso that at least one of R₁₀ is ##STR46##